Cost involved in conducting research is categorized as direct and indirect (currently known as Facilities and Administrative, F&A) costs. Direct costs are defined as “those costs that can be identified specifically with a particular sponsored project relatively easily with a high degree of accuracy.” F&A costs are “those that are incurred for common or joint objectives” and are those costs that would be too costly and burdensome to include as itemized budget categories on research projects. F&A costs are real expenses and should not be considered a tax on research or a windfall for the university or college. “Facilities” is defined as depreciation and use allowances, interest on debt associated with certain buildings, equipment and capital improvements, operation and maintenance expenses, and library expenses. “Administrative” is defined as general administration and general expenses (electricity and water), departmental and college administration, sponsored administration, and all other types of expenditures not listed specifically under one of the subcategories of Facilities. Therefore, F&A cost are recovered as a percent of the direct costs of the research. The F&A cost rates are determined through a long, detailed audit of space use in the University in conjunction with auditors from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
If F&A costs are not recovered, then research must either be reduced in scope and size or paid for from another budget source, in other words, the research must be subsidized. If research is to be subsidized then another budget within the college or unit must be cut or revenue must be generated from some other sources. Think of not recovering F&A cost in this way. If you submit a proposal without including the portion of your salary necessary for you to conduct the research and the proposal is funded, then your salary is not covered by the award but is an expense to the state. The funding agency or foundation gets the grant subsidized by Southeastern because Southeastern pays your salary while you conduct the research. The same is true for F&A costs, when no F&A cost is recovered or when only a portion of the F&A cost is recovered (referred to in this case as waived F&A), the university or college has the choice to subsidize the research (cover the F&A cost). The funds to subsidize the research, i.e., to cover cost incurred indirectly, had to come from some other budget source.
In summary, F&A costs are real expenses. If they are not recovered from the sponsoring agency, the scope of the research must be curtailed or funds must be supplied from some other source to cover the F&A costs. For more information on direct and F&A (indirect) costs see OMB Circular A-21.